Two Theories of Right and Wrong
John Stuart Mill, author of the essay entitled Utilitarianism, gave an in sagacity theory of overcompensate and wrong comm plainly referred to as public-service corporation or the utilitarian view of morality. Utility claims that
routineions are right in proportion as they tend to promote rapture; wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness. By happiness is intended pleasure and the absence of pain; by unhappiness pain and privation of pleasure (Mill, p.7.)
In essence, the rightness and incorrectness of an act is determined solely by its consequences. Sir W.D. Ross, however, criticizes utilitarianism because he says it is overly permissive about lying, but I dont think his critical review can be accepted.
According to Act-Utilitarianism, an act is morally right if and only if there is no other possible alternative act that would result in a better balance of ethical consequences relative to bad consequences. If two acts are tied for having the uniform balance of consequences then it would not matter which course of challenge was taken because the consequences would be equal. If any effect results in more(prenominal) bad consequences then good, the right act would be the wizard resulting in the least amount of bad relative to good.
Act-Utilitarianism requires a lot of careful calculations about the consequences and can be docile misapplied depending on whom the good consequences apply to. Mill says that the good consequences should be for all of society not just for oneself (Carson, Utilitarianism & Hedonism.)
Sir W.D. Ross?s theory of right and wrong is based on what he calls prima facie duties. A prima facie duty is one?s actual duty all, other things equal. That is, with all other courses of action considered its prima facie rightness must outweigh its prima facie wrongness and its rightness...
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