Unforgetting "The Jungle" a remarkable novel of Upton Sinclair's

134). Sinclair might well thrust been disappointed to see the legislative response to his book be nonpareil that c oncentrated more on protecting consumers (and therefore, indirectly, the credibility of the industry itself) than on protecting workers.

Nevertheless, in spite of the exceptional scope of the Pure Food and Drug Act, The Jungle did fall in more broadly to the generation of public support for the broad range of regulatory measures regarding work let out practices and workplace conditions that have big up in the decades since its publication. If The Jungle failed in its ultimate consumption of arguing for socialism as an alternative to capitalism, it thus did tolerate to a sweeping revision of public standards with respect to employer-employee relations, involution practices, and workplace conditions.

The remainder of this discussion will be given over to an analysis of authentic regulatory standards as they relate to conditions and incidents associate in The Jungle. We will non attempt to argue that The Jungle, by itself, led to all the reforms that have been enacted since its publication. Nevertheless, The Jungle can attend to give us a good working delineation of conditions in the pre-regulatory era, in that it covers a broad range of the abuses which concomitant regulations have sought to prevent or ameliorate.

The Fair roil Standards Act of 1938 included, among other provisions, limitations upon child labor. With certain limitations (applying mainly t

In light of this case, it is not abruptly certain how a face-day court might loom if presented with the facts in The Jungle. Certainly, though, the employer had no sexual-harassment policy, and in that case, two supervisors conspired to pressure Ona into sex, with employment threats being used from the outset. It is this writer's opinion that the employer would indeed have been held apt(p) under present law, and that therefore the present law does in fact afford protection against forms of employment-related sexual harassment that were once prevalent and unchecked.

One of the most shocking episodes in The Jungle, and one that raises particularly contemporary issues, is a sexual encounter into which Jurgis' wife Ona is pressured.

She is induced to go to the home of a forewoman, Miss Henderson, and there is effectively forced, under threat that she and her husband will have their jobs, to have sex with a truckman named Conner (Sinclair, 1981, p. 150). (When Jurgis finds out about this, he finds Conner and knocks him down; this is the incident that leads to his subsequent blacklisting.)

In some respects, however, Sinclair was actually much a man of his own times, and this shows for example in his characterization of strikebreakers:

there were three thousand at Durham's, and the police reserves had to be sent for to quell the riot. Then Durham's bosses picked out twenty of the biggest; the "two hundred" proved to have been a printer's error. (Sinclair, 1981, p. 78)

Even then there were state labor laws:

The standards licitly in force were plainly less strict than the present ones, though it appears from the description that Stanislovas's production-line job, though dreary and deadening, would probably not qualify as "hazardous" under the terms of the current law, which contemplates activities such as mining under that category.

In a case more nearly parallel to that in The Jungle, however, the determination of the courts relieved an emp
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