Manual Muscle Testing

The methodology for this reading is wherefore concluded, that HHD measurements of specific patient populations (orthopaedic problems) is appropriate for tests of HHD dependableness.

The purposes of this study were stated as: "1) to determine the intratester reliability and standard error of measurement of HHD measurements with patients with OA and 2) to differentiate HHD measurements with grades from a MMT" (p. 145). It was hypothesized that reliability would be adequate (greater than 0.80) for manipulation in patient care and clinical research with no unlikeness in measurements for repeated tests, and that a positive, linear relationship amongst the two measures would be found.

Subjects were 43 ambulatory patients with chronic OA; most were women (71.7 percent), with a mean age of 65.6 years. Knee extensor strong suit was measured by HHD and MMT. Subjects were evaluated by an experienced physical healer or assistant (student of physical therapy). MMT was performed before HHD. Each examiner's only when experience with HHD was practice with the instrument with an instruction manual preceding to testing. Descriptive statistics profiled subjects regarding age, chronicity, MMT grades, and HHD data. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) calculated from repeated measures analysis of variance, placed HHD reliability. info regarding MMT and HHD measurements were tabulated and correlated using Kendall rank correlation coefficient.

A strength of this study includes its study of earlier research and the logical assumption that testing of a homogeneous group of patients was lacking and needed to conclude the reliability of HHD. A ricketyness however, is that information regarding previous study methodologies (sample size, examiner characteristics) is not mentioned. It is logically assumed that data from a anicteric population cannot be generalized to a patient population. Data based on a patient population is incumbent to confirm HHD reliability for those in orthopaedic physical therapy.

sor muscles were weak (HHD results) and MMT grades showed good strength. HHD measurements and MMT grades increase together. ICC for HHD knee extensor strength measurements was 0.92.

Results were compared with previous studies with HHD and MMT. Do to expected or explained results, the authors concluded that HHD provides a reliable, three-figure method for documenting progress of patients. The test-retest reliability coefficient of 0.92 was comparable to other investigations and provided champion for the conclusion that HHD is reliable. The low correlation found between HHD and MMT for this study was attributed to a restriction of range of MMT scores; the fact that HHD measurements increased as the MMT grades increased offered support for the hypothesis. The study also pointed proscribed possible weaknesses which included the use of weak examiners, weak patients, and unforesightful trunk stabilization.

This study offered a logical and needed orgasm to the examination of the reliability of HHD, an important prick for muscle measurement. The use of a homogeneous patient population with a semblance measurement technique was its strength and specific contribution. The most satisfying point made was the conclusion that HHD is a useful tool for clinical and research settings. This study supports other research findings; disregardless of methodological flaws and study limitations, HHD is continuously assessed
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