Intravenous therapy is an infusion of medicine and fluids into vein

Intravenous therapy is an selection of medicine and quiets into vein understate OF THE STUDYIntravenous therapy is an excerpt of medicine and fluids into a vein. IV therapy is ingrained part of clinical use of goods and services. in that location are similarly complications which embarrassd in IV infusion are local and systemic, local include thrombophlebitis, infiltration, extravasations, hardiness injury and systemic include bacteremia, septicemia, emboli, thrombus, circulatory overload etc .Thrombophlebitis,Thrombo means turn Phlebo means vein and itis means kindling. Thrombophlebitis refers to the presence of a clot nonnegative inflammation in the vein. Phlebitis is defined as the acute inflammation of infixed lining of the vein Infusion Nursing regulars of Practice (2000).According to internationalistic association of unhinge (IASP) (1994), distressingness is an unpleasant sensory experience associated with certain and potential tissue dam get on.The anguish is classified as nociceptive, neuropathic, acute and chronic pain. The nociceptive pain is ca utilize due to damage to somatic or nonrational tissue damage which pain from surgical incision ,a broken bone, or arthritis ,the neuropathic pain is caused by damage to fringy nerves or central nervous system which include trauma, inflammation ,metabolic diseases resembling diabetes mellitus, tumors, toxins, and neurologic diseases such as four-fold sclerosis and acute pain is dure to direct operative pain ,labour pain, and pain from trauma and the chronic pain is for longer compass points due to fecescer. fuss is a highly unpleasant and p financial aid sensation that cannot be shared with other(a)s. It can occupy all a personal thinking, direct all activities and substitute a person. Yet pain is a difficult concept for a node to communicate. Pain is universal experience its exact nature becomes mystery. unrelieved pain presents cardinal physiological and psychological hazards to health and recovery. Care givers should include quantifyment of pain as a fifth vital mansion to empha coat its significance and to increase the awareness among the health care professional of the importance of effective pain management. at that place are more non pharmacological measures which is provided including massage, exercise, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, accupunture fire up therapy, cold therapies, and cognitive therapies including distraction ,hypnosis and relaxation st come ingies.Edema which is the accumulation of fluid in subcutaneous tissue due to extracellular volume expansion. There is swelling of tissues which can be demonstrated by pressing piano with the thumb over a bony prominence especially on dorsum of feet and around the ankles. The display cases of dropsy include hydrostatic edema, oncotic edema, inflammatory and traumatic edema and lymphatic edema.Phlebitis can be classified into 3 thre e categories which include mechanical, chemical and bacterial where mechanical is due to the size of cannula is in like manner big for the selected vein causing unnecessary friction on the privileged lining leading to inflammation, chemical phlebitis is due to peripheral IV devices when the medicinal drug or solution irritate the endothelial lining of the small peripheral vessel wall and bacterial phlebitis is usually precursor to an transmission at the infection site. Thrombophlebitis is evident by localized pain,redness, warmth, and swelling around the interjection site or along the path of the vein,immobility of the utmost because of discomfort and swelling.Non pharmacological treatment includes discontinuing the IV, applying a warm compress, elevating of the extremity, and restraining the line in the opposite extremity .In the presence of signs and symptoms of thrombophlebitis, one should not attempt to irrigate the line.Pharmacological and non pharmacological agents are uncommitted for relief of pain, edema and inflammation. The cost and side cause are comparatively high in modern medicine. The number of node seeking unconventional treatment has risen containably. Nonpharmocological therapies, natural therapies, cryotherapies, and aromatherapies are available with less expensive and fewer side effects. Likewise in combact alovera jelly is also very much used in reducing pain, edema and acrimony of inflammation.For local treatment in order to relieve pain, edema and consummate(a)ness of inflammation alovera jelly can be used. Since in the era of superannuated Egypt humans having using aloe. They used one of the ingredients of embalming fluid. In the tenth century, the Europeans were introduced, where it became an requirement ingredient in many herbal medicines. By the sixteenth century, aloe arrived in the West Indies, where settle down today it is harvested.Alovera is one of the therapeutic herbs as a healing comprise. The uses of aloe of popularized in 1950s itself.There are over 300 assorted types of aloe, but only a few were used traditionally as an herbal medicine. In the middle ages the yellowish liquid name at bottom the leaves was a favored as purgative. Aloevera gel is the mucilaginious gel produced from the centre (the parenchyma) of the base leaf. It entertains 400 species.The gel portion of the plant is prepared by peel the outer portion of the skin and the pericap away. It is preparation which is called pure aloevera gel in commerce. Aloevera is thick, tapered with spiny leaves grow from a short stalk stuffy ground take. It is not a cactus, but a member of the manoeuvre Lilly family known as Aloe Barbandesis. Some species , in particular Aloevera are used in alternative medicine and in home first aid .Both the translucent inner pulp and the resinous yellow exudates from wounding the Aloe plant are used externally to relive skin discomforts. The gel found in the leaves is used for soothing min or burns, wounds and dissimilar skin conditions like eczema and ringworm.Aloevera gel has both antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. The constituents include gibberlin,lectins,lignins,glucose ,mannose, glucuronic sulphurous other polysaccharides including galctogalacturans and galactoglucoarabinomannas.The most abundant constituents is water(99%).The aloevera gel contain anti-inflammatory agent gibberlin and polysaccharides which effectively decrease inflammation and put up healing.Aloevera effectively relieves pain because it contain salicylic sexually transmitted disease .Aloevera contain ligin which helps to penetrate deeply into skin to fork up its therapeutic effects. nigh of the nursing interventions fit comfortably within the real of the natural therapys the malady healing paradigm shift and converge, and role of nurses shifts can gives to the healer. Therefore aloevera gel could be a suitable intervention which helps the nurse to reduce pain, edema and phlebiti s.NEED FOR THE STUDYIV therapy has become a pervasive introduction wide as a routine therapy. Nurses yearly still insert, use and monitor millions of peripheral venous catheters (PVC).To diagnose and assess phlebitis grimness is essential as a way to observe a host of severe complications such as septic phlebitis, bacteremia, septicemia, arthritis, osteomyleitis eventually leading to death. However it is still prone to associated complications, of which phlebitis is most common, with prevalence varying betwixt 20% to 80% Workman (2000).Villicampa (2008)Spanish review a national multicentric epidemiological learn having the institutional participation of 10 centres. In this study 381 complications appears in the 2701 peripheral catheters examine which represents an incidence aim of 14.11%.They reviewed 8700 treatment records this study proved that implementation of strategies to mend the superior of care reduces non instrumental complication persistent pain at the entrance p oint ,extravasations of edema, second or third degree phlebitis and infection associated with catheters.Nassaji Zaveareh (2007) conducted a prospective study on peripheral interventions catheter related cypher .In this study 300 patients admitted to medical and surgical wards from April 2003 to Feb2004 were figured. Variables evaluated were age ,gender, site and size of catheter ,type of insertion and underlying condition were observed for 3 days continuously. bulge of that 26 % occurred phlebitis . There were no significant relationship in the midst of age catheter bore size trauma and phlebitis. Related risk factors were gender,ie.,female site and type of insertion of catheter, diabetes mellitus and burns. Important role of nurse is to control pain that of thrombophlebitis.The quality of care received in the hospital was often reflected in guest care. Among paramedical profession, nursing personals were inserting endovenous line, monitoring, administering intravenous fluids a nd administering medicines. Maintenance of peripheral intravenous cannulae and removal of peripheral cannulae was an integral component of nursing care.Nordell, et al.,(2002)in a study of 52 patients, found 5 diagnosed cases of thrombophlebitis (10% ) .Out of fifty two patients twenty six hand or wrist venipunctures, he found 3 with thrombophlebitis.Also he had done Fifteen forearm punctures produced the other 2 cases of phlebitis while of the cardinal patients undergoing antecubital fossa venipuncture, none were found to have developed thrombophlebitis.The describe incidences of thrombophlebitis vary from a low of 2% 21 up to 15%.33.One well-controlled Swedish study of over 1000 cases reported venous complications of many types at 31% is having thrombophlebitis.Singh , Bhandary ( 2007) , Dhulikhel Hospital Kathmandu University Teaching Hospital, Nepal carried out a prospective observational study to determine the occurrence of peripheral intravenous catheter related phlebitis and to the possible factors associated to its instruction.A total 230 patients under intravenous catheter were selected peripheral infusion site was examined for signs of phlebitis once a day using jackson Standard visual phlebitis scale and the result obtained was 136(59.1%)patients developed thrombophlebitis. Related risk factors as found in the present study were insertion site (forearm), size of catheter (20G) and dwell time (=36 hours). There were higher incident of phlebitis among the client with Intra venous drug administration and especially between ages 21 40 years. Therefore more attention and care are needed in these areas by the care provider.In another study the overall phlebitis rate was 39%. Phlebitis developed in 53% of patients with short lines, in 41% of patients with midsized lines, and in 10% of patients with long lines, and these catheters remained in place an average ( SD) of 3.0 2.4 days, 4.6 3.4 days, and 7.8 6.6 days, respectively. The variables that influ enced the outgrowth of phlebitis, as determined by multivariate analysis, type of catheter, blood haemoglobin levels, and IV therapy with either corticosteroids or erythromycinLutter et al.,conducted a retrospective value to identify the complication of venous catheterization in the go away lower leg and right lower limb for 1,143 patients. Patients occurred phlebitis in 56% in left lower limb 51% in right lower limb.Aloevera has salicylic acid which include in analgesic effects, it contains ligin which helps to penetrate deeply into skin to deliver the therapeutic effects, it contain anti-inflammatory agent gibberlin and polysaccharides which decrease inflammation and promote healing.Netherlands, conducted a prospective study on treatment of superficial thrombophlebitis with aloevera gel in relieving the local pain, swelling and redness. In this 116 patients were selected with thrombophlebitis and applied for a period of 3 days. The efficacy of aloevera was recorded. There is a drastic improvement in patient received aloevera gel as treatment than the control crowd Winchers IM (2005).The investigator selected this study because during her clinical experience has observed the many patients who had admitted in the hospital with cannula, developed the catheter related complications such as blockage, pain, redness and thrombophlebitis. This incidence insists the investigator to do some intervention to overcome this problem. Nurses need to be equipped with current interventional skills in relieving the pain, edema severity of inflammation and to prevent and treat complications.Hence the investigator interested in assessing the effectiveness of aloveragel in thrombophlebitis patients in reducing pain, edema, and severity of inflammation.STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMA study to assess the effectiveness of aloveragel in reducing pain, edema and severity of inflammation among thrombophlebitis patients in selected hospitals at Kanyakumari District May 2010.OBJECTIVEST o assess the pretest level of pain, edema and severity of inflammation for the experimental and control meeting.To assess the post test level of pain, edema and severity of inflammation in experimental and control group.To canvas the pre test level of thrombophlebitis between experimental and control group.To compare the posttest level of thrombophlebitis between the experimental and control group.To compare the pre and post test level of thrombophlebitis for both the experimental group.To compare the pre and post test level of thrombophlebitis for both the control group.To associate the post test level of thrombophlebitis of the experimental and ontrol group with their selected demographic variables.OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONAssessSystematically and collecting, validating and communication the patient data.EffectivenessIn this study effectiveness means reducing of pain and edema and severityof inflammation of thrombophlebitis patients after the administration of aloveragel.PainRefer s the discomfort and irritability felt by the patient intravenous infusionsite due to inflammation of vein and it is assessed by numerical pain scale.EdemaRefers to the swelling in the infusion site and assessed by edema scale.PhlebitisRefers to the redness which is occurred due to the intravenous infusion and is assessed by phlebitis scale.AloeveagelRefers to green leaves when it is teared which contain semi solid liquid and is applied in affected site. guessPain,edema and severity of inflammation among thrombophlebitis can be reduced in adults by applying Aloveragel.Patient with thrombophlebitis at intravenous infusion site have pain , edema and inflammation .HYPOTHESISRH1 There is a significant battle in pre test level of pain, edema and severity ofinflammation between experimental and control group.RH2 There is a significant difference in post test level of pain, edema and severity ofinflammation between experimental and control group.RH3 There is a significant difference in pre and post test level of pain, edema andseverity inflammation among thrombophlebitis patients in experimental group.RH4 There is a significant difference in pre and post test level of pain, edema and severity of inflammation among thrombophlebitis patients for control group.RH5 There is a significant association of post test level of pain, edema and severity ofinflammation among thrombophlebitis patients with their selected demographicvariables (age, sex, site,duration etc).DELIMITATIONThe study is delimited for 4 weeks of data line of battle.The study is limited to a sample of 60 adults. abstract FRAME WORKConceptual model presents certain views of phenomena in the gentleman that have profound influences on our learning of that world. A model is a simplification of reality or representation of reality. Concepts in the model builds consider relevant and as aids to understanding.The study is mainly focused to husking out the effectiveness of aloeveragel in reducing pain,edem a and severity of inflammation among thrombophlebitis patients. In order to reduce pain,edema and severity of inflammation aloveragel was applied.The investigator adopted the Kings tendency Attainment theory (1980) as a base for developing the conceptual framework. Imogene Kings Goal attainment theory is based on the personnel and social systems, including interaction, perception, communication, transaction, role, stress, growth and development, time and action.PERCEPTIONRefers to person representation of reality. It is universal but highly subjective and unique to each person. Hence the investigator perception was peoples may have pain,edema and severity of inflammationJUDGEMENTThe investigator judged that diligence of aloeveragel reduces pain,edemaand severity of inflammation thrombophlebitis patients. The investigator to judge the need to reduce the level of pain,edema and severity of inflammation.ACTIONThe investigator applied aloeveragel. The thrombophlebitis patient willin gness to accept aloeveaagel and participate in the study.REACTIONThe investigator and to asset mutual final stage setting. interactionRefers to verbal and non verbal behavior of somebody and the environment or two or more individual with a purpose to achieve goal. It includes the goal directed perception and communication. Here the investigator interacts with the thrombophlebitis patient by tolerant aloeveragel applied 3 times per day.TRANSACTIONRefers to an observable, purposeful behavior of individual interaction with their environment to achieve the desired goal. At this stage the investigator analysis the pain,edema and severity of inflammation among thrombophlebitis patients in order to administer aloeveragel application.The despotic outcome in post test is the reduction of pain,edema and severity of inflammation which indicate the aloeveragel application.OUT LINE OF THE REPORTThe report is divided into 6 ChaptersChapter I dealt with background of the study, need for the st udy,statement of the problem, objectives, operational definitions, research hypotheses, assumptions, delimitations of the study, conceptual framework and outline of the report.Chapter II relates with review of related literature pertaining tovarious areas of study.Chapter III contains with the research design, variables, setting of thestudy, population, sample, sample size, sampling technique, criteria for sample selection, development and description of the tool, content validity, reliability of the tool, pilot study, procedure for data collection and analysis of the study.Chapter IV presents the data analysis and interpretation of dataChapter V relates with discussion based on the findings of the study.Chapter VI includes summary, conclusions, nursing implications,limitations and recommendations of the study.The report ends with bibliography and appendices.